Saturday, 25 August 2012

August 2012 - Landbird Migration Begins


Nature Notes for August 24, 2012

This week, the southward migration of landbirds is beginning to be evident. In my garden, Red-breasted Nuthatches can be heard giving their distinctive call. Although this species does nest in Northumberland County, they do not nest in my neighbourhood in Port Hope. These birds might have come from the Boreal forest. This species often moves south because of a shortage of their preferred food, conifer seeds, in the north.

An early movement of Red-breasted Nuthatches often presages an influx of finches (Pine Siskin, Common Redpoll, Purple Finch, Red and White-winged Crossbill, Pine Grosbeak and Evening Grosbeak) later in the fall. Birders are always trying to predict these influxes or “irruptions”.

Another species which moves south in response to food shortage is Blue Jay. Ontario’s dry summer may not have produced enough acorns and beechnuts, their staple winter food, for many to stay over the winter. It will be interesting to see whether we see huge flocks of jays migrating this fall. The few that do overwinter will almost certainly use bird feeders.

Fall migration is a much more leisurely affair than the northward one in the spring. As long as the birds can find food, they can stay. There is not the same pressure to breed and raise young while food is abundant.

Most of the small landbirds migrate at night. Although I listened at my open window last night, I couldn’t hear any. The weather was clear so they may have been flying too high to be heard easily.

In woodlots, mixed species flocks of warblers could be found this week. A good way to find these flocks is to listen for the Black-capped Chickadees. Often, they will be accompanied by warblers, vireos, flycatchers, and nuthatches. Since the chickadees are much more vocal than the warblers, they make these flocks easy to find.

In a few places, flocks of swallows of several species can be found gathering on roadside utility wires. Since swallows feed almost exclusively on flying insects, they need to go south before the weather gets too cold for the insects. Our largest swallow, the Purple Martin, winters in south America, as far south as Brazil, so they also have rather a long journey to make.

Bobolinks, too, winter in South America. They are now at the peak of their migration. During the day, their “pink” call notes can often be heard as they are passing overhead. This evening (Aug. 21), a large flock was seen feasting on weed seeds in a rather weedy soybean field just west of Port Hope.

Many shorebirds are being reported from the beach at Presqu’ile Provincial Park. This is the best place to see large numbers of shorebirds in Northumberland. The highlight so far has been a Willet, a large shorebird that breeds in the western prairies. Small numbers of shorebirds may be seen anywhere along the lakeshore where the beach is undisturbed and there has been a deposit of algae. Shorebirds feed on the little invertebrates that inhabit these algae mats.

Shorebird southward migration begins by early July. The adults do not take any longer than necessary on their northern breeding grounds before turning around and moving south again. The young of the year will follow when they can fly well enough.

There are two events coming up that celebrate migration:
September 1 and 2, Presqu’ile Provincial Park’s Monarchs and Migrants weekend, www.friendsofpresquile.on.ca
September 8, Alderville Black Oak Savanna Prairie Day, 8467 Cty. Rd. 18,1.5 km. west of Cty. Rd. 45, www.ricelakeplains.ca.

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